Brain

Brain is the main organ of the Central Nervous System. It is located in the head in most animals and inside the skull in mammals.

The brain is the seat of the mind, intelligence, intention, emotion and the commander of movement and of the endocrine system. It is the central control of the body. From a fast examination, one can distinguish three main parts: the two hemispheres and the corpus callosum.

The hemispheres
Although they look similar to the naked eye, they have different functions, they are complementary organs. It is as if we had two semi-independent brains in our head. They are separated by the corpus callosum which is a long array of neuronal fibers that establish communication between both of them.

Left brain
In right-handed people, the majority of the population, it is the dominant hemisphere. It controls language, logic, mathematics, sequential processing. In some left-handed people it controls language too, but some of them are ambidextrous; controlling language and other functions with both hemispheres.

Right brain
It controls music, creativity. It is the dominant hemisphere for left-handed people, in some of them it can control language too.

Corpus Callosum
Its main function is communication between hemispheres. When a person is asked about an object seen with his left-eye, the left hemisphere sends a signal to the right one for the person to be able to pronounce the name of that object. Both hemispheres have complementary functions and the corpus callosum helps by communicating them.

Reticular formation
Its main function is in the induction of mental states as consciousness, wake up-state and sleeping.

Thalamus and hypothalamus
Hypothalamus controls the biggest gland in humans and mammals, the pituitary gland, hypophysis.