Amygdala

The Amygdala are a cluster of nuclei in the temporal pole.

Connection
The amygdala recieves afferent fibers from the cingulate gyri, the hippocampus, and the neocortex. The amygdala recieves a seperate feed for each somatosensory input from the neocortex.

Function
The amydala associates emotional valency with memory, including fear. Memories associated with fear will cause certain behaviors not to be done again in order to avoid further fear.

Structure
The regions described as amygdala nuclei encompass several structures with distinct connectional and functional characteristics in humans and other animals. Among these nuclei are the basolateral complex, the cortical nucleus, the medial nucleus, the central nucleus, and the intercalated cell clusters. The basolateral complex can be further subdivided into the lateral, the basal, and the accessory basal nuclei.

Anatomically, the amygdala, and more particularly its central and medial nuclei,  have sometimes been classified as a part of the basal ganglia.